Stroke or cerebrovascular accident (CVA) occurs when blood supply to the brain is disrupted, either by a clot or rupture of blood vessels. Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. According to the World Stroke Organization, every year, 15 million people suffer from a stroke, and five million die from its complications. Stroke affects men and women of all ages, but it is more common in older adults and women.
Women have unique underlying risk factors that put them at a higher risk for stroke than men. Hormonal changes, pregnancy, and menopause are some of the female-specific risk factors that can increase the likelihood of stroke. Women aged 55 years or older and those who have had a history of hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking, and a previous stroke or heart attack are at the highest risk of a stroke.
Hormonal changes can pose a higher risk of stroke in women. Studies suggest that hormonal changes during women’s reproductive years, such as menstrual cycle irregularities, pregnancy, and oral contraceptive use, can increase the risk of stroke. Pregnancy is a critical time for women, and they face an increased risk of stroke during pregnancy and postpartum. Women with high blood pressure or a history of gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, or eclampsia have higher chances of stroke. Oral contraceptive pills with high levels of estrogen also increase the risk of blood clots and stroke. Women who smoke and use oral contraceptives are at an even higher risk of stroke.
Menopause is another critical period in women’s lives that can lead to hormonal changes, putting them at higher risk for stroke. Women going through menopause have a higher risk of developing high blood pressure, obesity, and high cholesterol. These conditions, if left unmanaged, can increase the risk of stroke.
Preventing stroke in women requires a multi-pronged approach that includes including lifestyle changes and medical interventions. Maintaining blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol within normal limits through diet, exercise, and medication can reduce the risk of stroke in women. Quitting smoking, reducing alcohol consumption, and staying at a healthy weight are other prevention measures that can reduce the risk of stroke. Women who are pregnant or planning pregnancy should consult their healthcare provider to manage their blood pressure and other risk factors.
Women should also be aware of the warning signs and symptoms of a stroke, which include sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body; sudden confusion or trouble speaking or understanding speech; sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes; sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance, or coordination; and sudden severe headache with no known cause. If any of these symptoms occur, immediate medical attention can be lifesaving.
In conclusion, women face unique risk factors for stroke, including hormonal changes and pregnancy-related complications. It is crucial for women to be aware of these risk factors and take preventive measures to reduce their risk of stroke. By making lifestyle changes, managing existing health conditions, and seeking medical attention as soon as possible when experiencing stroke symptoms, women can reduce their chances of stroke and improve their overall health and well-being.
